Identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), target genes and regulatory networks associated with innate immune and inflammatory responses and tissue damage is essential to elucidate the molecular and genetic mechanisms for resistance to mastitis. In a recent study, a combination of next-gen sequencing and custom miRNA microarray approaches were used to profile the expression of miRNAs in bovine mammary gland at the late stage of natural infection with Staphylococcus aureus...
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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancer cases and is usually more aggressive with a poorer clinical outcome compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Evidence of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer has provided an opportunity for the development of novel effective therapeutic targets in TNBC. In a recent study, scientists evaluated the miRNA expression profiles of the human breast cancer cell line, MDA‑MB‑231, and MCF‑7 cells, by using miRNA microarray analysis...
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Mitochondrial diseases are maternally inherited heterogeneous disorders that are primarily caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Depending on the ratio of mutant to wild-type mtDNA, known as heteroplasmy, mitochondrial defects can result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Mitochondria-targeted endonucleases provide an alternative avenue for treating mitochondrial disorders...
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The liver function of chickens is intensively remodeled from birth to adult, which was validated by metabolomics research in a recent study. In order to understand the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in liver maturation and metergasis, miRNA expression profiles in the livers of 20 male chicks aged one day and five adult cocks aged 35 weeks were generated using miRNA sequencing...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of the brain neocortex and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the retina are two complex neurodegenerative disorders, which (i) involve the progressive dysregulation and deterioration of multiple neurobiological signaling pathways, (ii) exhibit the temporal accumulation of pro-inflammatory lesions including the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide-containing senile plaques of AD and the drusen of AMD, and (iii) culminate in an insidious inflammatory neurodegeneration ending, respectively, in neural cell atrophy and death and progressive loss of cognition and central visual function...
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miRNAs (microRNAs), small endogenous non-coding RNAs, play crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation in various biological processes. Cyprinid Herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) is a highly pathogenic member of the alloherpesviridae that causes acute mass mortalities in populations of Carassius auratus gibelio and Carassius auratus auratus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of CyHV-2 have not been fully determined...
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In a recent study, the nitrification performance, metabolic activity, antioxidant enzyme activity as well as bacterial community of mixed nitrifying bacteria culture under different temperature dropping strategies were evaluated using 16S gene sequencing...
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As one of the most vital major food crops feeding almost half the earth's population, rice often suffers from heat stress in tropical and subtropical regions. Studying rice heat stress tolerance mechanism is critical for breeding new heat tolerant rice varieties. Scientists recently performed RNA-Seq analysis to check rice transcriptomic differences in response to heat stress in both heat-tolerant (HT, HT54) and heat-sensitive (HS, HT13) lines...
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Researchers from the University of California at San Diego recently demonstrated how pools of oligonucleotides can be used to generate bisulfite padlock probes (BSPP). BSPP is a method for the targeted quantification of DNA methylation in mammalian genomes. They can simultaneously characterize the level of methylcytosine modification in a large number of targeted regions at single-base resolution...
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Plastic trash is common in oceans. Terrestrial and marine ecosystem interactions occur in the intertidal zone where accumulation of plastic frequently occurs. However, knowledge of the plastic-associated microbial community (the plastisphere) in the intertidal zone is scant. Scientists recently utilized 16S gene sequencing to profile the bacterial communities attached to microplastic samples from intertidal locations around the Yangtze estuary in China...
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